One Nation Under God

How Corporate America Invented Christian America

Kevin M. Kruse

21 min read
43s intro

Brief summary

One Nation Under God argues that the concept of America as a “Christian nation” is not an ancient tradition but a modern political invention. It traces how corporate leaders and conservative clergy partnered in the 1930s to promote a free-market ideology under the guise of religious faith.

Who it's for

This book is for anyone interested in the historical intersection of American politics, corporate interests, and religious rhetoric.

One Nation Under God

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How Corporations Invented a Christian Nation

Dwight D. Eisenhower’s 1953 inauguration was less a political ceremony and more a religious consecration. He did not just take an oath; he led the nation in prayer, turning spirituality into a public spectacle. This was the beginning of a revolution that redefined American identity. Within a few years, "under God" was added to the Pledge of Allegiance, and "In God We Trust" became the official national motto.

Many people assume these religious markers were a simple response to the Cold War, intended to distinguish "godly" America from "godless" Soviet communism. While the Cold War played a role, the true roots of this movement were domestic and much older. The push for a "Christian nation" actually began in the 1930s as a weapon against Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal. Corporate leaders and wealthy industrialists, feeling threatened by government regulation and labor unions, partnered with conservative clergy to promote a new ideology called Christian libertarianism. This vision linked faith, individual freedom, and the free market, arguing that the state was a threat to divine order and that true Christianity required a hands-off approach to business.

By the time Eisenhower took office, this corporate-funded campaign had already laid the groundwork. With the help of advertising agencies and Hollywood, the message that America was a religious nation reached every corner of the country. Church membership skyrocketed from less than half the population to nearly seventy percent in just two decades. Surprisingly, this massive change met almost no resistance. Politicians from both parties embraced the new piety to prove their patriotism, while civil liberties groups and even the Supreme Court viewed these changes as harmless traditions. This brief moment of consensus successfully rewrote the national story, convincing Americans that their country had always been a Christian nation and leaving a legacy that remains etched in our laws and our wallets today.

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About the author

Kevin M. Kruse

Kevin M. Kruse is a Professor of History at Princeton University specializing in the political, social, and urban history of 20th-century America. His research focuses on the making of modern conservatism and conflicts over race, rights, and religion in the United States. A prominent public historian, Kruse also provides historical context for contemporary political events.

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